研究了当激光增益介质存在热效应时，腔长变化对4F简并激光腔最大横模阶数及光谱结构的影响。计算和实验结果表明，当简并腔中存在热效应时，腔长偏离理想位置会引起横模拍频带宽变宽，输出光谱的精细结构发生变化；同时腔中光阑位置处的基模半径随之变大，最大横模阶数减小，光场空间相干性增大。进一步分析发现，最大横模阶数对激光腔长非常敏感，腔镜与理想位置的微小距离会导致最大横模阶数的显著减少。通过在腔内加入负透镜或者将增益介质端面加工成曲面并对热效应进行补偿，可以增加腔内模式数量，这有利于降低激光光场的空间相干性。

搭建了一台中等重复频率、高峰值功率的Nd∶YAG激光器。激光器主要包括三部分：单纵模全光纤种子源、LD抽运的Nd∶YAG再生放大器和氙灯抽运的Nd∶YAG功率放大器。该系统获得了平均功率为12 W、重复频率为10 Hz、单脉冲能量为1.2 J、脉冲宽度为3 ns的激光输出, 工作波长为1064 nm, 输出光束口径为10 mm, 95%的能量在600 μrad范围内, 近场光强近平顶分布, 近场光强调制度小于1.2, 时间波形近似方波, 能量稳定性均方根值小于1.4%。

Aiming at morphology of laser induced damage mitigation pit on the rear surface of 3ω silica optical component, the mitigated area and its downstream intensity distributions with different morphologies are simulated by finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) and Rayleigh-Sommerfeld (R-S) diffraction integral method, respectively. The results show that when the angle between the tangent line of endpoints on the section contour of the pit and incident light is over 70°, the maximum intensity inside the mitigated optics is less than 1.66, and mitigation effect is better than that of other angles. The maximum downstream intensities of a pit in shape of parabolic surface, cone and truncated cone are all less than 1.46 with an angle of 70° and a width of 200 μm. But when the width of pit increases to 1 mm, for instance, the maximum downstream intensity is as high as 9.31 and area with high intensity covers a long range. Thus, taking the difficulty of laser machining technology into account, a conical pit with an angle larger than 70° is the first choice for the damage mitigation on the rear surface of silica optical component.

针对三倍频光学元件后表面的损伤修复形貌，分别采用时域有限差分法（FDTD）和瑞利索末菲（R-S）衍射积分法，来模拟不同形貌下元件修复区域内以及其后续的光场分布。结果表明，当修复坑截面轮廓线端点切线与光束传播方向夹角大于70°时，元件内部光强极大值小于1.66，修复效果优于其他角度。夹角为70°、宽200 μm的抛物面型、圆锥型和圆台型凹坑的后续光强极大值小于1.46。但是当修复坑宽度较大如达到1 mm时，圆台型凹坑的后续光强极大值高达9.31，且作用区间长。因此，考虑实际激光修复工艺的难度，夹角大于70°的圆锥型凹坑是石英元件后表面损伤修复的首选形貌。

Electric field distribution, in the wavelength range 1053 nm and 0° high reflection coatings, with different truncated conical pits has been estimated by using the finite difference time domain method (FDTD). Results of simulations indicate that the smaller the angle between the pit’s edge and the normal line, the higher the damage threshold of the mitigation pit. In the experimental process, the dimension of this angle mainly depends on two factors, i.e. the influencing area of the focal spot and the depth of mitigation pits. Because the ratio between them is the angle’s tangent, decreasing the influencing area of the focal spot and increasing the depth of the machined area could yield a mitigation pit with a smaller angle. By optimizing the focal spot size, pulse energy, step size and the number of machining passes of femtosecond laser micromachining, a pit with an angle of 25° and a depth of 14 μm is obtained. The typical damage threshold of the mitigation pit is about 21 J/cm2, which is 2.3 times greater than the fluence-limited defect. Moreover, the laser damage testing results of 50 mitigation pits show that the mitigation process has a good repeatability. The correlation between the cone angle and the damage threshold is also examined, the simulations are in agreement with the experimental results. The ratio of the maximum intensification between 45° and 25° cone angles is ~2.5 and that of the damage threshold between the two angles is 0.5. At the same time, the relationship between the micromachining pulse width and the damage threshold is also estimated: if other process parameters are kept constant, a longer pulse length tends to produce lower laser-resistant mitigation pits. Compared to the result of 260 fs laser pulse, the truncated conical pit created by 6 ps laser pulse has a smaller depth, which implies that more thermal effect occurs during the miromachining process. However, cracks are not found around the pit. Thus, thermal damage is not the major reason for the decrease of damage threshold. Meanwhile, smaller depth also indicates that the pit has a large cone angle. According to the result of former FDTD simulation, the decrease of damage threshold is mainly caused by electric field enhancement in a pit with a large cone angle.